Robert Frost - A Comparisson Of 3 Poems Essay -- essays research paper

Comparing ices "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening", "Birches", and "The Road Not taken" Robert Frost was an American poet that first became known after publishing a book in England. He soon came to be atomic number 53 of the best-known and loved American poets ever. He often wrote of the outdoors and the 3 poems that I will compare are of that "outdoorsy" type. There are several likenesses and differences in these poems. They each be in possession of their own meaning, each represent a separate thing and each tell a different story. However, they are all indicative of Frosts love of the outdoors, his true lie withment of nature and his wistfulness at growing old. He seems to look back at youth with a sad longing. Each of these three poems are alike in that they are all about timber and outdoors or an item in the timberland. The word "wood" or "woods" is used in each of these poems, at least once. It is used to represent both literally the tree or trees, and figuratively, they represent a journey to peace, a climb to "heaven". In "The Road Not Taken", the "wood" is merely the setting. It is described as a "yellow wood". This is obviously fall. I can see the orange, yellow and red leaves, lying all around. The gray/brown bark of the trees where the leaves are already fallen. The bright plumes where they have not. The trees as well pass over the road as it passes from sight around the bend. This symbolizes the uncertainty of the future. You can look ahead, but there is no way to know what is around the next bend. "Birches" is seems to be entirely about woods and trees. As the name implies, this is the main focus though the story. They are shown as an opponent for a boy that, once beaten, though very resilient, will never rise again. He describes them as being laden down with the results of an ice storm, but that he would like to think of them as being bent over by this boy. His use of the ice storm and the boy seems to represent his wistfulness at growing old and his desire to be small again. This was written when he was about 45. About the time that he would have a mid-life crisis. He can see that he is no longer the late man that once he was, not able to climb the trees like he did nor able to p... ...an hear the ice falling now and again, and the cracking of the birches as they blow one against another. In "The Road Not Taken", the focus is not on the woods themselves, but on the road that passes through them. The woods are the setting and they hide the road after it curves, as time hides the future from our eyes. Outwardly, this poem is about two roads, one that is well traveled and one that is not. Though both are worn about the same. The author takes the road that had not been taken, the grass tall and the leaves still freshly fallen and not trod on. This also symbolizes the choices that we have to make in our lives. We can f ollow others like sheep or we can boldly go our own way. The author went his own way and "that has do all the difference" As has been shown, Frost uses his love of the outdoors to pull the reader there as well. His style of writing tells us much of the poet. He is leery of growing old and he looks back on youth with wistfulness and longing for another, happy time. This is something that we all share with him and this shared experience helps us to enjoy his poetry all the more, as it seems to tell our own story too.

The Role of Business in Society Essay -- Analysis, Dr. Novak

The problem to be investigated is that of brain Dr. Novaks discussions of the role business plays in society. The discussion centers around the events of mind the origins of the stack, understanding the difference among corporations in the United States and Britain, understanding the different definitions of stakeholders, understanding the differences between democracy and social democracy, and understanding the evolving role of business. (Jennings, 2009) Furthermore, viewpoints from Plato, Cicero and Weaver are corporate to add profundity to the discussion. The problem to be investigated is that of understanding Dr. Novaks discussions of the role business plays in society. The discussion centers around the topics of understanding the origins of the corporation, understanding the difference between corporations in the United States and Britain, understanding the different definitions of stakeholders, understanding the differences between democracy and social democracy , and understanding the evolving role of business. (Jennings, 2009) Furthermore, viewpoints from Plato, Cicero and Weaver are integrated to add depth to the discussion. Origins of the Corporation Corporations began in the early middle ages through humbled societies and later developed as monasteries, towns, and universities. These corporations were exclusive and closely controlled by the state. In America in 1636, Harvard University began as a corporation. (Jennings, 2009) This was much to the dismay of those located across the Atlantic, as US citizens desired independence from royal charters and wanted to create corporations to meet their needs. By 1750, the American colonies had six universities, while England stil... ...fferent times to the needs of its creators. (Jennings, 2009) Conclusion Dr. Novak has strong and well thought out viewpoints of the role of the corporation in society. His belief is that the corporation in the United States is a stronger and bett er society because of its ability to provide rewards to stakeholders rather than society as a whole. Dr. Novak further adds to his argument that by understanding the differences between corporations and between stakeholders in the United States and Britain he can identify the motivations and strengths of corporations. (Jennings, 2009) Novaks beliefs can be further supported by others on the topic including Plato, Cicero, Aristotle (Henderson et al, 2009) and Weaver. (Weaver 2008) Dr. Novak also includes a discussion with the understanding the evolving role of business. (Jennings, 2009)

America Needs File Sharing :: Argumentative

America Needs bill SharingA Farce on File SharingWhat you are about to read is a researched story about file sharing. Although some characters in this story are based on received life people, most are fabricated. My advice to the reader is to take your time reading my story and pay special attention to the characters so that you will not withdraw lost. Enjoy the tale.The day was hot and humid and for Los Anglos the sun shone somewhat brightly through the thick cloud of pollutants up above. In four corners of the city, four individuals began their perfunctory morning routines. It was early, but already sweltering and as these four individuals began their days none knew that the road, which lay ahead of them, would lead them to the same destination. One issue would call for a laurels, average working man, a journalist, and an eccentric fanatic all together. I said egg whites Hello Dont you know the difference between vitellus and egg? Im terribly sorry miss. Lets talk in terms of color. You want the yellow or the white part of the egg? The yellow Egg whites you changeling As the waiter ran back to the kitchen, she turned to the man in Gucci sungl bathroomes she said, Uh Good help is so hard to find. I mean what kind of imbecile doesnt know the difference between egg whites and the yolk? Well I still say youre insane for hiring that new aerobics instructor, I mean the ass on Bradely How could you give up such a find? The man tossed his head in disgust and took a sip of his non-fat, easy on the foam, echo shot cappuccino. I know Jonathon, but he was absolutely monstrous to my reputation as a serious runner. If I want to win the celebrity marathon, Im gonna have to get my mile time down to at least ten minutes. But darling what if you start to sweat? How will you pose for those refinement pictures? Dont worry my publicist is working on a deal to do pictures after I towel off and freshen up. Oh damn, Ive got to go Im supposed to meet Charlie to prep me for the press conference.

J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

AN INSPECTOR CALLSCOMPARE THE LIVES OF EVA SIMTH AND SHEILA BIRLINGProperty is that old fashioned way of thinking of a bucolic as athing and a collection of things on that thing. This quote is takendirectly from J.B.Priestleys late night post scripts on BBC radio in1940, which were banned for being to critical of the governmentsactions, and support be used to sum up the capitalist view perfectly. Ithink this quote is made from the stay of view of a capitalist whobelieves that the old-fashioned belief is to think of property asbelonging the country and its people however the new belief, hisbelief, is that property can belong to individual people and not tothe state or its people at all, and when a person owns his ownproperty he can discharge it any way he sees fit. This is a belief whichPriestly continually criticizes throughout his play.An Inspector Calls was written in 1945, the year the Second World warfareended, but was set in 1911. The social climate of both years was ofgreat unrest as was many areas of industry in Britain and many strikestook blank space all over the country much like the strike which took placein Mr. Birlings factory. Priestley set the play in 1911 because ofthe onset of the freshman World War and he would be able to write theplay with the wages of hindsight, he could withal make Mr. Birlinglook bad with his surpassing beliefs and his promises of no war. Hemay have also set the play in 1911 because at this time he was 18years old, working as a junior clerk in a wool firm and was about togain his first insight into the differences between the socialclasses. The people he met at this age encouraged him to take part intheir political arguments and discussions which were soon to influencehis opinions and frame the values he was to later write about. Thesealso led to him eventually attending university already politicallyaware at the age of 25.By writing the play 35 years after it was set, Priestley gave hisaudiences the advantage of hindsight. He wanted to do something aboutthe injustices of society, and because only the middle and swiftnessclasses could afford to go to the theatre, his audiences were exactlythe kind of people he was attacking. They were witnessing their ownlives on stage and for them it may not have been a very pleasant thingto see. I believe that at the time only the middle and upper classes

My writing styles Essay -- Essays Papers

My piece of writing styles There are many a(prenominal) writing styles that many people pick up as they go through there many years of schooling. Each person picks up the same type of writing styles but as years go by people seem to pick up there make little types of writing style that separates them from everyone else. As I defy gone through many years of English classes I have acquired more and more skills and many more are certainly to come as I continue my education. My writing skills have only gotten better from the time of ninth grade English class until today. Since my days vertebral column in junior high school I was only taught the basic skills to write papers and since then they have grown to make me a enough writer. I have many strengths and also many weakness that I still need to work on. Many people have there own strengths in writing and there own weaknesses that they need to work on. I consider myself a half way decent writer because I have a couple of weakness that I still need to work on for me to be the writer that I want to be. One of my major weaknesses in my writing ...

My writing styles Essay -- Essays Papers

My opus styles There are many writing styles that many great deal pick up as they go through there many years of schooling. Each person picks up the same type of writing styles that as years go by people seem to pick up there own little types of writing style that separates them from everyone else. As I have gone through many years of English classes I have acquired more and more skills and many more are sure to obtain as I continue my education. My writing skills have only gotten better from the time of ninth grade English class until today. Since my days back in junior high school I was only taught the basic skills to write papers and since then they have grown to make me a decent writer. I have many strengths and also many weakness that I still need to work on. Many people have there own strengths in writing and there own weaknesses that they need to work on. I consider myself a half way decent writer because I have a couple of weakness that I still need to work on for me to be the writer that I want to be. One of my major weaknesses in my writing ...

Positive and negative effects of legalizing drugs on the United States economy

The perennial problem of do drugs shame has always been a controversial one since questions rise up whether a sovereign entity is justified in attempting to curtail personal choice in the question of whether to engage in drugs or not.Opponents of drug use argue that a state has an obligation to protect its people against destruction even though the means to much(prenominal) an end is voluntary since it is generally accepted in congruity to the natural laws that all people have a right to life.Proponents of drug legalization have been quick to point out that human will, cannot be control and it is economically futile to attempt to do so and hence it would be in the states interest to allow those in favor of such a stemma to indulge without interference. However, there are several moral, health and religious factors that have hindered those in power to actually consider legalizing illegal drug use since such recourse would raise fundamental ethical issues regarding their leadersh ip as directed by the constitution.Reasons for legalizing drug useThere are several reasons that have led some to yell for the legalization of drug use. Firstly there are those who feel that the question of drug use is essentially related to personal freedom and that essentially fitting adults should be left to decide for themselves if they wanted to engage in self destruction or not. It is not surprising then that some have argued that by the very nature of the state restricting drug use and in addition prosecuting users, the state is contravening the very constitution created to be its guide.Secondly, the United Sates uses a get by of tax payers money in their fight against drug use. Enforcement agencies are forced to recruit much personnel in their mandate to ascertain drug traffickers and drug users. These law enforcers need to be remunerated when in fighting(a) service and in addition are entitled to several benefits during their active service and in their retirement.Thi s tends to make the federal and state government to divert huge funds towards operations of these enforcers and in the wages of their personnel. This in turn leads to shortages in funds which could have been channeled to other development agendas.The economical cost of combating drug abuse does not end with the police but goes on to necessitate more expenses to be provided for the prosecution of these individuals and also to cater for those charged with the duty of deciding the fate of these supposedly law breakers.As drug consumption increases it leads to a need to mesh more prosecution personnel and to avoid a backlog of cases more magistrates are hired to listen and pass sentences. This increases a burden to the tax payers and questions arise as to whether people should essentially pay for the negative choices of competent individuals. Furthermore, most people in American correctional facilities have been put there for drug related offences.The cost of maintaining a prisoner is quite high and it is thusly economically realistic to legalize drugs as a way of reducing expenses and therefore use it as a tool of lessening the budget deficits and to provide more funds to important sectors in the economy (Goode, 97-150).The fight against drug abuse has put America at a collision course with several countries perceived to be supplying drugs to the United Sates. Legalizing drugs would end this hostility improving symmetric relations with those countries and expanding markets for American products and allow investors to work easily in those countries (Friedman, 2009).In addition legalizing drugs would allow for the investment of several billions of drug money in other businesses to jock expand the economy, provide employment and reduce other crimes.

Principles of Physical Security Essay

Physical security measure is the wide phenomena that are taken for the prevention or determent of attackers from a mathematical access of a resource, discipline that is stored within physical media and facilities. Physical security is viewed under three fundamental aspects. These are Responding adequately to the measures of security that would repel or catch the possible attackers in the event of detection. Using gadgets and implements that are forthwith important in the control of secure atmosphere. This could include cameras, security lighting and use of alarms, patrols by security guards that provide easy noticing of attacks. Facilitation of obstacles that are aimed at frustrating any possible attackers and delaying the serious security cases.A proper set of security designs has the compliment of whole these structures that work cohesively with one another. A good physical security design is a compliment of four important factors which are intrusion detection, electronic and mechanistic access controls, environmental design and video monitoring. Physical security is based on various principles that are applied to solve various security concerns at varied depths. (Walter, 1997). These includeBuilding security Buildings are the source of residence for human beings. However, their structural planning and establishments is compromised by various security threat factors that cause the life of those living in them unsafe. Building security therefore implies each the fundamental components of architectural and construction concerns that make buildings safe places for living and hostage. It is the compound of all structures that provide authenticity in the physical structures that provides the safest levels for the habitation.The guarantee for this security is well accorded during the designing phase of the building. The aspect of this security is inclusive of both the internal and the away environments that are occupied by the building. The physical structu re of the building should be designed in the most appropriate manner that provides the highest levels of security measures for its inhabitants. It should include a coordinated design in the roofs, walls outlet such as doors, windows and locks (Donald, 1997)Ground security This is the protective aspect that is inclined to airports and its surrounding environment. It includes all aspects that are attached to the physical structure of an airport that makes it a safe place for the various activities that goes on within their contemporaries. It incorporates adequate placement of the structures such as runways, surveillance services, confabulation systems and all aspects that are endowed within the structures of an airport. Due to the delicacy of the airport operations, high importance should be attached in the highest levels of security for the activities and processes of the airport (Azari, 2003) gateway control systems These are systems of control that are applied in securing adequat e security towards data and other facets of information systems. This is the provisions of providing the legitimate users with the principles with which they should apply in assessing stored data. Information is deemed as an essential aspect and a resource aspect within any organization. Access control systems should therefore address the fundamentals with which the information should be mined, shared and made into use. Improper and illegitimate use of data and information may lead to comparative disadvantages for the organization.Improper and inappropriate use of information is subject to huge loses to an organization through misuse of the data and information that leaves the organization at a competitive disadvantage when its information is used by its competitors to develop business strengths. Importantly, the aspects of corporate intelligence as well as industrial espionage are two important aspects that define the rationality for data security. The circulating(prenominal) bus iness environment and the expanding technological advancement have seen this process fully acknowledged. Various tools have been used to safeguard the organization information and their respective systems. intimately therefore, physical security on information and their systems remains implicit for the success of the organization (Harold, 2003) tolerance security This is the broad components of techniques and methods that are used in providing an outside bounder security of premises. This is essential in preventing possible access of unauthorized persons within the premises. These may keep off trespassers, thieves, unauthorized persons and others persons. It can be secured apply physically constructed walls and fences. Perimeter security is made to advance the most optimal security prospects that would help to safeguard the internal structures that are endowed within premises. Perimeter security should be advanced therefore as protective measures that safeguard the internal prosp ects of the premises.Technological advances security This is the security protection for innovations, technological advancements, designs and process improvements. This should be protected to avoid losses through comparative disadvantages occurring form business competitors. It includes intellectual property security that can be provided through trademarks. Innovations come as the process of advancement in specific lines of production and manufacturing or personal production of his/her intellectual work. Security on these productions providing the environment with which the producer or the secure owners can be safeguarded form any possible activities of misuse of the product that may make the profit motive of the technology to be unmet. (Peter, 2000)

King’s major course of action Essay

top executives major course of action throughout all of his take to the woods was nonviolence, and he was awarded The Nobel Peace Prize for his work. The war itself was a betrayal of the Statess moral obligation, heightened by media portrayals of what is just for our terra firma. King expressed that our spirit continues to desc obliterate as we diminish humanity across the world. His motive was for our populace to stop seeing in terms of our nations as a singular body, but to think of our nation as a model that embraces the brotherhood of man (King, 1967).He required Ameri posteriors to see the Vietnamese as our brothers and sisters and gave insight on the experience of the Vietnamese as good deal non enemies. King spoke of our complete funding handed to the French so they may advance in control of these people. He proclaimed that America is a victim of Western arrogance for rejecting the revolutionary government seeking self determination in Vietnam (Spence, 2009). King told us their tier of devastation. He described our destruction of their resources. War efforts contributed to the loss of crops, tainted water supplies, and the demoralized the Vietnamese people in their efforts for survival during a time of broad suffering (Spence, 2009).King made it clear that the destruction of the Vietnamese culture was intertwined with the destruction of our own culture. He proclaimed that our troops were sent on a false precedence that only furthered agendas of our nations wealthy. Their agenda led our oppressed solders to death as they killed those oppressed in Vietnam. The propaganda in acquiring a stop bounder status in the eyes of other nations mocked our pursuit. Our leaders could not articulate our purpose for being in Vietnam. A Great Buddhist leader commented that America was no longer revolutionary and democratic but the image of violence and militarism (Spence, 2009).For over 5,000 years we arrive built empires and maintained a rich last richer men tality. We have seen those with wealth as models to fetch our own successes. We have left those who have needed aid the most behind to further our own successes. We have only risen to occasion of hope when we reap the highest benefits. The United States is trapped in an ImperialConsciousness those not for our agenda are against our agenda. This way of view is dangerous and leads to Moral Autism.Imperial Consciousness may have the hearty intelligence to recognize it is easiest to steal from those who trust you, but lack the moral capability to recognize that to do so constitutes a wrong in itself and destroys the fabric of trust essential to healthy social relationships (Korten, 2006).Beyond Vietnam lays the ground work for this trail of thought not in a way that we should adopt it, but the urgency to abandon it. Kings speech captures the momentum needed for our nation to mature. King sought for our nations people to be true examples of revolutionaries. He demanded we abolish th oughts that privilege is earned and realize it is inherent. He asked we believe in people most disadvantaged and stop tucking them under our nations blanket of shame. The inherent shame is our own complacency in these matters and our brain washed minds that comply with the thinking that we do not matter or have the capacity to understand the complexity of decisions made by our own power structures.It can be said that Kings message was to end the war, and it was. He projected ending the war was essential and gave a list on how. ending to all bombing in Vietnam unilateral cease fire prevention of battle grounds in Southeast Asia recognition of the National Liberation confront a set date from removal of all foreign forces from Vietnam in accordance with the 1954 Geneva Convention granting of asylum to Vietnamese suffering persecution and the payment of reparations for deterioration done (Spence, 2006).He also described what could be done at home, stating we should continue to prote st and stay active within our churches. While his message was to end the war, it was a stepping stone in the right direction for our nations obligation, honor and integrity.Layer by layer embedded in his speech King ask Americans to make a worthy change. As our nation evolves and advances in wealth, industry, technology, the market and free trade with other nations we remain stagnantin social and cultural advances. We have lost sight in the power of our people and all people. We have without question remained faithful children of our empirical society only to watch our brothers and sisters fall, and when they fall we march to the guise that it is somehow their fault and their fault alone. We continually fault each in our race to the top.Kings message is not a memo to the individual but a mass informant. We must change our institutions and how they support us. We must stop looking at our nonprofit organizations as less worthy because they are stated as not making a profit in our capi talist society. We must stop losing sight of our causes to obtain grant monies that slightly sway our causes. We must advance people in areas of expertise that are directly connected to the people in which they service. We must fix up check marks on markets and free trade. We must care about the woman in the third world nation that makes our clothes or computing machine parts. We must demand that people are our highest commodity and put above a precedent of all things material. We must look at all people as our people.Beyond Vietnam is a speech that should be resurfaced again and again. Martin Luther Kings words take you to the past and reflect the present in a way that sends chills through your soul, and if youre a person of any feeling and some intellect, it will heighten your very being. Be prepared for a tour before you engage, for such insight can cause anger, regret, and shame. Do not cling to these emotions. MLK has given each and everyone exposed to his message, a gift. H e presents us with precision hidden by our meticulously wrapped ideology. One would think as a nation we would share his plea for humanity, instead we rewrap adding layer upon layer. We bury his endowment only to become systematic. Together we are robotic, uniformed servants of the power elite.

Macroeconomics Paper

With the decline on the disposable income of every household in the economy, domestic consumption started to deterio set up creating a negative fix on motley industries including the house industry. It was identified based form the data collected by the Bureau of Labor and Statistics that the compound annual rate of the hold industrys CPI for February 2008 was equal to 2.8 percent, with November 2007 exhibited the highest changes from its preceding month equal to 0.4 percent, as compared to the 4.2 percent of February 2007.This only means that the rate of increase in the prices of housing units starts to slow down but still remains high con aspectring the disposable income every household currently have. Furthermore, employment rate plunges down along side with the housing marketplaceplace as August 2007 recorded the highest lay-off on the history of housing market equivalent to 21,000 as compared to only 1,000 lay-offs happened last August 2006. With this self-aggrandising nu mber of workers laid-off from their jobs, plus the increasing number of bankrupt housing companies, employment rate started to decline.Though the GDP of United States remains high contempt of the turmoil in the housing market, but its GDP growth rate importantly decline from 2006 to 2007 from 2.6 percent to 1.5 percent respectively. This only means that housing market still imposes barrier towards the economic growth of United States. Housing starts was down by 28.4 percent from 2006 to 2007 as consumers cuts their demand on housing units due to limited budget and high cost. In hunting lodge to prevent the said depression of the housing market, federal government continued slashing down their interest rate to guide housing companies to recover financially since housing sales has been declining since 2006.Last January 2008, the Federal Reserve cut the interest rate to 3.5 percent in order to stabilize the economy and prevent the impeding economic recession (Presse, 2008). Furthe rmore, it was also identified that new home sales declined by around 46 and 30 percent on 2006 and 2007 respectively. The said record was the lowest annual home sales since 1995. The above identified economic factors help most of the economists and market analysts in determining the future performance of the housing market as well as of other industries in the economy.In this regard, the aim of this paper is to identify various macroeconomic factors that affect the performance of the housing market and how it affects the behavior of the entire housing market. Furthermore, discussions on the future condition of housing market will be presented in order to easily understand how economists and market analysts projects the performance of housing market. Expect also at the end of this paper alternatives that would address macroeconomic factors that negatively affects the stability of the housing market and its evaluation that will serve as the guide in choosing the appropriate solution f or the instability of the housing market.Conclusionestablish from the given data, arguments and examples above, it is therefore clear that housing market is indeed performing inefficiently due to various macroeconomic factors. Depletion of consumers disposable income made significant negative effects to various macroeconomic factors that later on serves as the source of instability of many industries in the economy including the housing market.Furthermore, the projections of most economists and market analysts regarding the future condition of the housing market greatly affects how financial institutions establishes their lending transactions with the housing companies which adds up to the financial problems of the latter. With the aid of fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government, the issues concerning the instability of the housing market are solved.ReferencesPresse, A. F. (2008). Fed Slashes US Interest Rates to 3.5%. Retrieved April 3, 2008

Culture, Ethnocentrism and Schindler’s List Essay

Culture is made up of values, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics customary to the individuals who ar a part of a certain group or society. It is how we define and mold ourselves to our societys sha expiration principles, enabling us to contribute to our society. al whiz until we experience other conclusion different from our own, we are not even aware of what characteristics make up ours. In most cases, we do not acknowledge our culture until another individual breaches ane or our traditions, or we disregard someone elses.If a person takes into consideration another cultures standards and behaviors and understands that t workher is no right or wrong between the deuce cultures, then that person has reached cultural relativism. However, this is difficult to do as it is common for solely populate everywhere to place their own culture patterns at the center of things, no matter which culture he or she is a part of. When people do this, cultural conflicts are initiated, as seen in the movie Schindlers List, which portrays a or so textbook example of extreme ethnocentrism.One of the features of either culture, ethnocentrism is the practice of judging another culture based on the standards of ones own culture (Macionis & Plummer, 2010). When a person evaluates another culture, that cultures traditions, customs, phraseology, and other racial practices are compared to his or her own, and finds those people to be middle-level or lower to themselves. This can lead to vanity, false pride, and a superiority complex, in regard to ones own ethnicity, resulting in condescending and sometimes violent behavior towards the other culture.If the people of one culture refuse or cannot understand or adjust to the other peoples culture, disastrous consequences arise, that include war and genocide. This is the basis of the Nazi and Judaic cultures seen in Schindlers List. A movie by Steven Spielberg, Schindlers List is the true story of Oskar Schindler, a membe r of the Nazi party, a womanizer, a war profiteer, and the savior of more than 1,100 Jews during the Holocaust of WWII (Spielberg, 1993). The movie opens in Krakow, Germ both during WWII, with the initial persecution of the Jewish people living there.Any businesses and jobs the Jewish people had were taken away by the German military, and they now are being pressure into the Ghetto to be crammed together with step to the fore their possessions and very belittled clothing and food. As the movie progresses, the Jewish people face ever-increasing cruelty at the hands of German soldiers. In the middle of all of this is Oskar Schindler who is looking for a way to make a tremendous profit from the war. He starts a factory making pots and pans, using the Jewish people living in the Ghetto as laborers.The story is ab issue Schindlers cultural attitude (very German Nazi) that changes as he sees the horrible and unwarranted twisting and murder of the Jews that work for him. subsequently q uestioning his Nazi values, he realizes how very wrong the Nazi opinions are of the Jewish culture, and ends up using his own notes buying 1,100 Jews from a Nazi commander, in order to save them from the Auschwitz death camp. His list contains the names of his workers, whom he buys to start another factory in the Chez Republic.After watching the movie, there was very little that this writer did not find culturally shocking. The attitudes of the Germans towards the Jewish people were ones of disgust, hatred, and complete indifference to any pain, suffering, or fear the Jewish people were experiencing. The movie was filmed entirely in black and white (except for the little girls red coat), leave the viewer to concentrate and absorb the Nazis attitudes of cultural superiority over anyone not like them, without the distractions of the colors surrounding these two conflicting cultures.The red coat is extremely important as it symbolizes Schindlers awakening first, as the little girl ru ns through the Ghetto looking for a place to hide as her people are massacred by German soldiers (witnessed by Oskar) and second, when Schindler witnesses the burning of 10,000 dead Jewish bodies heaped on giant burning piles, he sees the dead body of the little girl still wearing the red coat. One cultural difference between the American culture and the Nazi culture is the forcing of an entire race into one central location, stripping away rights, property, and employment.American culture would not do this, but the Nazi culture considered it their duty to round up and exterminate the vermin living in their country. The Jewish people did not rebel or protest against their treatment from the German soldiers, even when one Jewish man was dragged out of a line by a soldier and shot in the head in front of family and friends, for no reason or cause. In another scene of random shooting, a German commander used the working Jews inside his camp as target practice.Although the people were working hard and were nearly starved, this Nazi viewed them as nothing more than rats and killed them. A person doing this in America would be arrested, put in jail, and most likely be disposed a death sentence after his trial. Another cultural difference (and one difficult to watch) was the burning of dead bodies in huge piles out in a field. Because the Nazi culture did not consider Jewish people to be human, it was perfectly acceptable to burn the garbage, as it was the quickest and easiest method of eliminating waste.There is no comparison for this to American culture, and the only other justified instance of these vast quantities of burning bodies happening in history was during the plagues that hit Europe. It was a major culture shock to this writer to see half burned bodies being pulled out of ash piles, then carted to another burning pile, all done by the Jewish people imprisoned in the camp. Ethnocentrism promotes inequality because the culture who believes it is superior can be the larger or dominant culture compared to other cultures, giving it the power to create laws that discriminate against anyone that is different.Having supreme power, this culture can change the social and financial status of individuals or ethnic groups, without any concerns or remorse for stripping the very humanity from another culture. The dominant culture increases inequality by segregating any person (or group) judged to be inferior to its own, or force the inferior cultures to give up their values, beliefs, and practices and adopt the dominant cultures beliefs.In extreme ethnocentrism, genocide occurs because the dominant culture believes that other inferior cultures need to be wiped from the face of the Earth, thus ridding the planet of filth and ignorance. Business is not conducted the same way between cultures, so conflicts can happen when the two different cultures are locked to ethnocentrism. One factor is the communication process in which each culture assumes th at business will be conducted in its own indigene language, say English and Japanese.Correct translation is crucial to success if neither culture is willing to do business in a different language other than its own. Certain accents may to a fault reinforce ethnocentrism, creating a negative stereo-type and possibly reinforcing prejudices (Cross-cultural, 2011). A cultures social organization can also have ethnocentrism conflicts. For example, one culture believes in gender equality while another believes women are inferior to men, and so they have different or no rights compared to the men of that culture.Another conflict between two businesses from different cultures is the use of child labor. Western cultures find these practices horrible and exploitive, but those cultures that allow children to work do not put the value of educating their children above the familys selection. A working child can bring the family the much needed finances to provide survival necessities, such as food, clothing, and shelter for the entire family. As we have seen, culture is very complex and can influence every aspect of our lives.Ethnocentrism is a world-wide human reaction that is seen in all known societies or groups, and in nearly every individual. Ethnocentrism may seem to encourage solidarity of a group and fortify loyalty, but it also hinders any understanding of a different group or culture. Because one culture believes their way is the best way, there is no inducement to interact with another culture decided inferior. Positively, this sort of conflict often leads to social change, but negatively, it discourages changes and promotes discrimination, wars, or the genocide of another culture.

Civil Rights Essay

Civil Rights try out l affirm a dream that one day this nation go forth rise up and live out the true mea inning of its reliance We hold these truths to be selflessness that all men are created equal. Martin Luther King Jar. The copulation of Racial Equality or CORE is an American civil rights judicature n that played a major role for Fragmentariness in the Civil Rights Movement. frame deed in Chicago in March Of 1942 by pack Farmer, CORE was one Of the Big Four civil rights or sanitations, along with the CLC, the SYNC, and the NAACP.CORE did some(prenominal) things that we re important to the civil rights movement including license Rides, desegregating Chicago nurtures, and the Freedom Summer. O n April 10, 1947, CORE sent a group of eight ovalbumin and eight black men on a 2 week Freedom Ride with a sole purpose of termination segregation in interstate travel. The riders of this group were arrested and jailed several times, but they received a great deal of semipubl icity, and this marked the beginning of a long series of exchangeable campaigns.By the early 1960 s, Farmer desired to repeat the 1 947 journey, developing a new name for it the Freedom Ride. On Maya, 1961, volunteers journeyed to the deep South, this time including women. The rider s endured severe violence. White mobs attacked Freedom Riders in Birmingham and Month ere. The violence caught depicted object attention, sparking a spend of similar rides by other Civil Ri sights organizations and thousands of ordinary citizens. In 1 960, CORE began to challenge racial segregation in the public schools of C hijack.Black schools were in poorer neighbors of Chicago and white schools were in richer parts. Many segregated schools were overcrowded, and in order to ease overcrowding, the e Board instituted doublethinks at some of the schools. Doublethinks meant that students in fee acted schools attended less than a full day of class. Less school meant that Africanizing children would be r eceiving less education. CORE was not pleased with the results so they pr tested, along with the Chicago community.The following 4 years, CORE along with the SYNC and the NAACP helped organ nice the Freedom Summer campaign aimed principally at ending the political super session of African Americans in the Deep South. CORE, SYNC and suffice also built 30 Freedom S schools in towns throughout Mississippi. Volunteers taught in the schools and the curriculum n owe included black history. These Freedom Schools were ofttimes targets of white mobs. So were the e homes of African Americans involved in the campaign.That summer 30 black homes and 37 blab KC churches were firebombed. Over 80 volunteers were crush by white mobs and three CORE activists were murdered by the K on June 21 SST, 1964. These deaths created nationwide PU ability for the campaign. As you can see, action was very difficult during the Civil Rights movement for Afar can Americans reinforcement in the Deep South. Thank s to organizations like CORE and AN CAP, life may have seemed hard and it may have been a struggle to live cover in the day, Afar can Americans still had hope.Civil Rights EssayCivil Rights essay l have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true mea inning of its creed We hold these truths to be selflessness that all men are created equal. Martin Luther King Jar. The Congress of Racial Equality or CORE is an American civil rights organization n that played a major role for Fragmentariness in the Civil Rights Movement. Found deed in Chicago in March Of 1942 by James Farmer, CORE was one Of the Big Four civil rights or sanitations, along with the CLC, the SYNC, and the NAACP.CORE did many things that we re important to the civil rights movement including Freedom Rides, desegregating Chicago schools, and the Freedom Summer. O n April 10, 1947, CORE sent a group of eight white and eight black men on a 2 week Freedom Ride with a sole purpose of ending segregation in interstate travel. The riders of this group were arrested and jailed several times, but they received a great deal of publicity, and this marked the beginning of a long series of similar campaigns.By the early 1960 s, Farmer desired to repeat the 1 947 journey, developing a new name for it the Freedom Ride. On Maya, 1961, volunteers journeyed to the deep South, this time including women. The rider s endured severe violence. White mobs attacked Freedom Riders in Birmingham and Month ere. The violence caught national attention, sparking a summer of similar rides by other Civil Ri sights organizations and thousands of ordinary citizens. In 1 960, CORE began to challenge racial segregation in the public schools of C hijack.Black schools were in poorer neighbors of Chicago and white schools were in richer parts. Many segregated schools were overcrowded, and in order to ease overcrowding, the e Board instituted doublethinks at some of the schools. Doublethinks meant that students in f ee acted schools attended less than a full day of class. Less school meant that Africanizing children would be receiving less education. CORE was not pleased with the results so they pr tested, along with the Chicago community.The following 4 years, CORE along with the SYNC and the NAACP helped organ nice the Freedom Summer campaign aimed principally at ending the political super session of African Americans in the Deep South. CORE, SYNC and COIF also built 30 Freedom S schools in towns throughout Mississippi. Volunteers taught in the schools and the curriculum n owe included black history. These Freedom Schools were often targets of white mobs. So were the e homes of African Americans involved in the campaign.That summer 30 black homes and 37 blab KC churches were firebombed. Over 80 volunteers were beaten by white mobs and three CORE activists were murdered by the K on June 21 SST, 1964. These deaths created nationwide PU ability for the campaign. As you can see, life was very dif ficult during the Civil Rights movement for Afar can Americans living in the Deep South. Thanks to organizations like CORE and AN CAP, life may have seemed hard and it may have been a struggle to live back in the day, Afar can Americans still had hope.

Center of Pressure Essay

Introduction The point in a body at which the resultant pressure acts when the body is immersed in a politic. The apparatus for center of pressure. Objective The object of this experiment was to calculate the hydrostatic force a eloquent exerts on a submerged plane surface and then compare the experimental hydrostatic force to the theoretical hydrostatic force. Theory The apparatus formation the physical dimensions, this nomenclature will be used throughout this theory.Whilst the theory for the partly submerged and fully submerged plane is the same, it will be clearer to read the two cases separately. The apparatus can make the calculation center of pressure. A fluid at rest is said to be a static condition. the fluid particle experiences a constant pressure on all sides acting inward towards a single point at its center. The horizontal x and y components of the pressure are equal and opposite and have a net sum of zero. It can be said that the pressure does not change in the hor izontal direction,The apparatus for center of pressure. Apparatus * The hydraulics bench * The hydrostatic pressure apparatus * A set of weights * A jug * Calipers or ruler, for meter the dimensions of the quadrant For siphoning * A measuring cylinder, or other container of water of similar height to the hydrostatic pressure tank. * A length of small bore ductile tubing. Method 1. Place the center of pressure apparatus on a level surface. This is important for obtaining an accurate force balance scenario. 2.

Discuss Mr. Collins’ Proposal to Elizabeth Bennet in Jane Austen’s Novel ‘Pride & Prejudice’ Essay

It is a truth acknowledged, that a man in possession of a superb fortune, must be in want of a wifeThis quote not single opens the novel, only as well narrows the tone of the narrative story. It says that a man in possession of money and being an qualified bachelor would have every spinster in the neighbourhood wanting to be his wifeIn the nineteenth century women were below men in status. Men owned everything. After the death of the archetype of the house all his possessions were given to the next male relative. In the novel as there were only five daughters Jane, Elizabeth, Kitty, bloody shame and Lydia and no males in the immediate family, so their mother, Mrs. Bennet, as she is called in the novel is stubborn to get her daughters married as soon as possible.When the Bennet family received the letter from Mr.Collins, which included the words,.. severalise you of my readiness to make them every possible amends, but of this hereafterthis shows that Mr. Collins was hinting that he is looking for a wife. When Mrs. Bennet read this she was pleased at the news. When the daughters heard of his visit, they were not as pleased as their mother, He must be an oddity I cannot make him out The is something very pompous in his style.They also agreeed that in his letter there was a mixture of servility and self-importance. Elizabeth was stuck with his extraordinary deference to peeress Catherine de Bourgh, his patroness.Mr.Collins visited the family with the mend purpose of finding a wife, in his letter he states, I feel it my duty to throw out and establish the blessing of peace in all families..this is skillful an excuse to come to Longbourn because he genuinely wanted to admire the girls and resolve to one of them. Mr.Collins didnt existingly want to get married, it was actually his patroness noblewoman Catherine de Bourgh who had recommend, advised or rather orders him to marry and wished to comply with her wishes.When Mr.Collins arrived, out of all t he sisters only Mary thought anything of him but everyone else found faults in him. Mrs.Bennet also had the same opinions as her daughter, she knew he would be a suit fit husband for one of her daughters because he knew brothel keeper Catherine and lived near her.When he arrivesD he wished to propose to the eldest daughter, Jane, but soon found out she was to be engaged to Mr.Bingly. Mr.Collins had only to change from Jane to Elizabeth and it was,through while Mrs.Bennet was stirring the fireMr.Collins obviously didnt have true feelings towards Jane or Elizabeth, since he was able to change his mind so quickly. He obviously only wanted to please his patroness.Elizabeth was very intelligent, fissiparous and her interests in many different things like reading, playing the piano, singing, needlework and dancing. She believed marriage had to have an element of make love and not beneficial wealth like her mother believed. When Mr.Collins proposed to her, as a lector we knew that s he had an independent mind.In the proposal, Mr.Collins made it quite obvious that the proposal was more of a business transaction and he asked for a chance to speak with Elizabeth,May I hope, madam, for your interest with your fair Elizabeth, when I solicit for a snobby audience with her..before Elizabeth could even blush with surprise, Mrs.Bennet instantly answered. Elizabeth begged her mother not to go, but Mrs.Bennet obviously knew what Mr.Collins had in mind and insisted that she stayed with Mr.Collins. At this time Mr.Collins really thought she was being shy and modest tried to add it to a compliant,.. your modesty, so far from doing disservice, rather adds to your perfections.Elizabeth would have had a clear nous that he was round to propose to her. Mr.Collins started off staying,Almost as soon as I entered the house, I singled you out as the companion of my future life.This was not true to the reader, as the truth is that he was going to propose to the eldest daughter, Mis s Jane Bennet, but when he heard the news of her engagement he changed to Elizabeth.Mr.Collins then came out with his send-off crusade for his proposal,first that I think it a right thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances (like myself) to set the example of matrimony in the parishThis shows he obviously wants to marry her to set a good example to his parish, it also this shows her doesnt care about her, but what Lady Catherine de Bourgh wishes and his reputation. He then states,..secondly, that I am convinced it will add very greatly to my happiness.. one time again he is showing that he thinks marriage will bring him happiness, he has no idea that marriage is suppose to be about being in love, trust, companionship and getting to know each(prenominal) other beforehand... and thirdly-which perhaps I ought to have mentioned earlier, that it is the particular advice and recommendation of the very noble lady whom I have the honour of calling patroness.This is actually the onl y true reason that he wants to marry her, to please Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mr.Collins is frightened of not complying with her wishes. He sees her suggestion as an order or a predominate and he would never disobey her because he is very aware of her superior rank in the society, this shows him to be cowardly, weak and rather silly man who can be easily intimidated. He wants Elizabeth to see Lady Catherines advice and recommendation as her wanting to see Mr.Collins happy, settled down and to carry on functional for her.He then went on and tried to compliment Elizabeth and make her see that Lady Catherine will pleasant her into her earth. In his reasons for the proposal he had no references to Elizabeths happiness which showed how self-centred he really was. The federation that she could have with Lady Catherine and show she could boast about knowing a person of high status, was the real reason that he could give her for accepting the proposal. This showed how little he knew ab out Elizabeths personality, as this reason would not have meant anything to her. Elizabeth would bot feel inferior to people of higher rank in society.Mr.Collins then went on about how she would have pressure to wed when she gets to her late twenties, As I am to inherit this estate after the death of your honoured (who, however may live for many years), I could not satisfy myself without adjudicate to chuse a wife among his daughters, that the loss to them might be as little as possible.This comment was to rock Elizabeths decision and make her feel guilty if she was to refuse his proposal, because her unmarried sisters and mother would have nil if they were made to move out of their home. He was certain she would accept his proposal when he used his telling comment because he thought himself was a worthy choice, that he was already making plans for their married life,you may assure yourself that no ungenerous reproach shall ever pass my lips when we are married.Elizabeth found i t necessary to fragmentize him by telling him that she hasnt given him an answer and politely. Mr.Collins being so full of self-importance sawing machine he refusal as a way to make him more passionate,It is usual with young ladies to reject the enshroud of the man whom they secretly mean to accept.Elizabeth was not that type of girl to lead a man on or to keep him waiting and stated she was not the girl who would have been foolish enough to bump her future happiness on the chance of being asked again by someone she truly love and Mr.Collins failed to see that,I cannot therefore by no means discouraged by what you have just said, and shall hope to lead you to the altar ere long.Elizabeth tried to make it even clearer, without being rude and even added that Lady Catherine would not approve of her independent mind and he would not want to upset his patroness by choosing an inappropriate partner. Even when Elizabeth gives him these reasons for refusal he still continues,I cannot im agine that her ladyship would at all disapprove of youThe reader will know that he has once again mis-judged her character. Later on in the novel Elizabeth and Lady Catherine are introduced to each other. Lady Catherine clearly despises Elizabeths outspoken manner and lack of awe.Elizabeth, getting get at by the lack by his persistence still behaved as a young lady and had to bear on polite and assure him that he could only leave Longbourn feeling he has done his duty.In making me the offer, you must satisfied the delicacy of your feelings with regard to my family.She then went to leave the room, thinking he had finally mum her, but Mr.Collins was persistent and had not understand why she refused such a great and wonderful proposal, as he thought himself eligible and worthy husband. He tried once again to change her mind,My built in bed in life, my connection with the family of de Bourgh and my relationship to your own, are circumstances of high favour.Mr.Collins the greatly ins ulted her, as she was just to leave the room,it is by no means certain, that another offer of marriage may be ever be made to you, but as a reader we know that that is certainly not true.

Conflict: Anarchism and Long Lasting Aftermaths

Conflict gouge start out tragic consequences for ordinary people In societys composition, ordinary people establish the absolute majority of the population creating the base of the group. When faced with challenges and employment stemming from others in the same faction, they atomic number 18 touched and met with the consequences of the conflict. These effects may have tragic consequences to ordinary people with long lasting aftermaths such as portrayed in Paradise Road and throughout history. Conflict, however, comes in different forms and arrangements with varying views and purposes.This signifies that not all consequences of conflict is disastrous, and can have a valuable effect on ordinary people. The characters in Paradise Road atomic number 18 essentially ordinary civilians of countries torn in war that were thrust into situations that ended with tragic consequences. From the beginning pellets the women are portrayed living luxurious but sheltered lives, following that they were plunged into the devastating prisoners encamp showing the drastically altered life style they endured.Throughout the film the women are exposed to the unfamiliar atrociousness of humans, creating long lasting effects on their psychological mindset. This is seen from the ruthless death of flee, having been caught getting medicinal tablets for Mrs Roberts. repayable to the innocent and charitable nature of the act, the dreadful punishment for Wing was a surprise and vicious cushion to the other women as it was nothing like their previous experiences, establishing the brutal nature of humans and course of the film.From this scene however, the idea that conflict brings out the best in people could also be seen as Wing self-sacrificed herself. Additionally, despite the cruel conducts and treatment, the idea that The survivors of conflict are true heroes is also brought to light as the women that were released held on til the end, surviving through will power and each other s help and not adult into using their bodies. Evidently, although conflict can have tragic consequences on ordinary people, it can also have encouraging effects on them.Although conflict has the capacity to develop tragic consequences for average people, it additionally has supportive effects on thousands of ordinary citizens around the nation. The African-American cultured Rights Movement in the United States began in 1955 due to racial prejudice and in cope withity, it aimed for the prohibition of discrimination and the right for African Americans to vote. The immense struggle for equal rights included many ordinary citizens throughout the nation and came in the form of nonviolent protests and marches.The confrontation lasted near a decade and involved ordinary citizens of all nations as it sparked worldwide recognition for its aim. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed allowing basic civil rights for all Americans, signifying the success of the struggle for all Americans re gardless of race. This indicates that even for those not involved, the outcome affected their lives in a positive manner along with the idea that conflict not just has tragic consequences for ordinary people, but beneficial effects for them as well.Ordinary people are affected by conflict all over the world and whether the outcome is positive or negative for the peculiar(prenominal) individual, it is defined by the nature of the conflict and the possibilities it holds. Conflict does have the power to bring devastating consequences to some(prenominal) in many cases but there are also cases in which conflict brings about variety show in a positive manner with valuable and favourable effects for the individual. To define the outcome of conflict in a dichromatic way is futile as all cases will have varying components and possibilities with each action that plays on the result of the conflict.

James Baldwin “Language is a key political instrument”

Imagine this, you be from a small town in Alabama, but you turn in Just moved to New Jersey. You have a deep southern accent and you use words like Yall. People are vent to automatically think that youre a redneck, which probably means that you live in a trailer, you hunt deer as a hobby, you live on a farm, and moonshine is your favorite drink. They testament treat you match to the way that they think you are, only because they dont understand the way you speak.Because both of you are from a different partly of the United States their way of speaking English is different from ours, which makes the way you speak unique to you and your identity. In Baldwins essay, he is saying that the manner in which you speak, will determine how people treat you. I agree, people will make assumptions about you based on your choice of words, accent, or vocabulary.In order to conform to this harsh truthfulness people evolve a new language in order to control their circumstances and/or environ ment. Black English originated during slavery, when the slaves were brought to America they were all from different tribes therefore they did not speak the same language. In order to survive and to understand each other, they evolved a language of their own.In England people can tell what signifier of person you are, where youre from, and if youre wealthy Just by listening to your diction. A person living in genus Paris cannot understand what a person from Quebec is saying even though they speak the same language (French. ) I do believe that language is the key to a persons identity. Your grammar, language, etc. will determine how you are do by and if you will be accepted in the society that you are in.

Mcb Internship Report

pic INTERNSHIP circulate ON MUSLIM COMMERCIAL stick Instructed by Mr. Naveed Ahmed Lecturer Comsats Institute of In arrangement Technology Presented by Muhammad Hussain MBA-A Roll no(prenominal) 65 Semester 3 DEDICATION I dedicate whole of my education a presbyopic with my life to my beloved p atomic number 18nts and respected t separatelyers, who were always var. to me. May God Bless Them (Aamin). Muhammad Hussain TABLE OF contents 1. Preface 2. Introduction Of fix 3. Types of edge 4. Executive Summary of MCB 5. History of MCB 6. Vision & Mission argument of MCB 7. technical brim 8. Branches & standard atmospheres 19 9.Product & overhauls21 10. Department in MCB25 11. Management Hierarchy28 12. Investment deposeing 13. Know Your node 14. subsidence Department 15. Financial tell apartments 16. SWOT analysis 17. Work Per pull ined By Me 18. Findings 19. Recommandations PREFACE avowing domain owes a pivotal richness in the economy of some(prenominal) ground through its variant functions. This basic bonus that stressed me to join any brink for Internship Training. Moreover, the experience and practice learned during this tenure in like manner stand up real doful and facilitating in the forthcoming professional life.This report is the result of two months Internship go away, Muslim mer beartile situate, Kot F beed, Sahiwal. The motive behind selecting this edge is that it is one of the Top 10 Asia, brims. The fact remains that Muslim technical chamfer, posses an excel/cut and historical importance be the near senior and lead in terms fluids and function to Pakistan at work outly ages of life. I had with the strong belief that this report testament go by and facilitate the readers to chthonicstand the functioning of entrusting body and more importantly take away safe knowledge close to Muslim commercial message trust.My utmost efforts to elaborate this report wit, material read, listened and observed. Yet, I feel that this period was non long enough to learn and understand the complex and wide stretch functioning of banking field. I am au whencetically thankful to the stallion staff members of the aforesaid single out for the friendly and cooperative behavior during my internship. Muhammad Hussain MBA-A Roll No. 65 w ell-developed banking setup hoydens very signifi scum bagt role in the stinting phylogenesis of a untaught. cussing sector is precondition for the development of any country.The banking sector helps in proper utilization of resources of the country by financing the less developed sector. It also helps to keep cumulative demand in proper residuum with the supply of those resources, which be responsive to monetary demand. interpretation OF BANK. A bank is an institution, which deals in money. I loosely SPEAKING Banks draw surplus money from the great deal who atomic number 18 not using it at that sequence, and carry to those who ar in a position to habituate it fo r productive figures. 2 IN OTHER lyric Bank also accepts the deposits from public re collectible on demand or early(a)wise and withdrawal by bank checks. draftsmanships inn and include any post office frugality bank. BANK. The word bank is said to feign been derived from the Italian words Bancus or Banque. The History of banking is transacted to be as early as 200 B. C. PEGETS DEFINITION no one anybody. incorporate or former(a)wise stick out be a banker who does not I Open current figure 2 compensate look intos drawn on him 3 Collect chits for his nodes. HARTS DEFINITION. A hanker is one who is in the ordinary course of his line of products, honors cheques drawn upon his by persons from and for whom he receives money on current account. ACCORDING TO THE BANKING COMPANIES ORDINANC, 1962SECTION 5(B) Banker means a person transacting the business of accepting, for the purpose of lending or investment, of deposits from the public, and withdrawal by cheques, drafts, differentiate of otherwisewise, and inclined any post office saving banks. IMPORTANCE OF BANKING. Banks play very important role in the economic life of a nation. The increment of the economy is open upon the soundness of its banking dust. Although banks so not create smart wealth but borrow, exchange and con labor unione. These make extension of wealth. In this way. They bewilder most effective partners in the development of that country.To encourage the habit of saving and to earn these savings is its basic purpose. Banks deposit surplus from the public and then advances the surpl expends in the form of loans to the industrialists, agriculturists, businessmen and unoccupied people under different schemes so that they setup their own business. Thus banks help in gravid formation if on that point ar no banks, and then at that show would be concentration of wealth in a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) founders great portion of wealth of a country would be idle. I n the few developing countries rate of saving is very low and collectible to this rate of investment and rate of harvesting is very low.We give the sack take hank just identical a heart in the economic social electronic organisation and capital brookd by it is like blood in it. As long as the blood is in circulation, the organs go forth remain sound and healthy. If the blood is not provided to any organ then the organ would become engagementless. So if the finance is not provided to agriculture sector or to industrial sector, it wills he destroyed. add facility provided by bank works as an incentive to the producer to increase production. Banks provide take of payment facility, which is cheaper, quicker and safe.Many difficulties in the international payment assimilate been overcome and volume of legal proceeding has been increased. These facilities argon very much helpful for the development of trade and commerce. EVOLUTION OF BANKING IN INDO PAK SUB-CONTINENT The I ndian fraternity was quite familiar with the banking, right for the beginning. thither is also sufficient evidence to show that during 51h century people were accustomed to use 1-lounds as a course credit investment. Loans were deemn to the people against personal and other Securities such as or establishnts, goods and other immovable properties.TYPES OF BANK Following is the list of mingled types of banks Central Bank Commercial Bank Exchange Bank Industrial Bank Agriculture Bank I. COMMERCIAL BANK The banks in any country speeded over with an objective to get the excessive money Form the public in the form of deposits and providing finance to the investors. These Banks atomic number 18 in the ground for return earning motive and in competition with each other. These banks be providing the basic serve to the clients in the form of deposits, Advances, remittances and others. Commercial Banking Scenario In PakistanAt the time of independence in 1947. ther were 38 plan ba nks with 195 offices in Pakistan. But by December 3l, 1973 there were 14 scheduled Pakistani Commercial Banks with 3233 Branches in Pakistan and 74 Branches in the Foreign Countries fieldization of banks was through with(p) on beginning(a) January 1974 under the bailiwickization Ac 1 947 due to indisputable objectives. But it had negative effects on the efficiency of the banking sector. Afterwards, a Privatization Commission was set upon January 22nd, 1991. The Commission transferralred many banks to the private sector, i. e. Muslim commercial message Bank and Allied Bank Limited. The Govt. approved and permitted the establishment of 1 0 new private banks in dread 1991 Functions of commercial Banks I borrowing of money from customers in shape of term deposits (PLS Saving Current Deposits and happen Deposits). 2 Lending of money to borrowers in shape of finances, short-term finances, and long-term finances under various names such as regard Finance, Small Finance, Cash Fina nce. 3 Agency serve. 4 skirttance of money. 5 Foreign exchange business, outside(prenominal) currency deposits. LCS, Imports and exports etc.ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE frugal DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY Banks play an important role in the economic development of a country. If the banking carcass is unorganized and inefficient, it creates market adjustments and impediments in the process of development. In Pakistan, the banking system is organized in rise up manner. The State Bank of Pakistan since July 1st. 1984 stands at the apex and is responsible of the operation of the banking system. The other bands, which form the banking social organisation in Pakistan, are playing role in hhe economic development of the country.The role of the commercial bank in the growth and development of the economy on sound and steady footings is discussed briefly as follows Mobilization of Resources The commercial banks are the most efficient organization of the economy in the mobilization th e resources and make a profitable pool of these resources. Taking the Money from the savers and lending it to the investors is the most prominent job of the hank backing Development Projects The banks and other financial institutions advance loans for the development projects that enhance the pace of overall development of the country.These advances are do in both public and private sectors for the purpose of achieving a good and strong economic field to catty on the other activities of trade and business. Creating Climate For Capital Formation Capital formation is done by the act of accepting peoples money and put downting into Profitable ventures. This money so accumulated, make possible the inspection and repairability of the needed capital by the investors. The investors on the other hand are able to get the needed funds that shortfall their requirements. Planned DevelopmentWith the help of well-organized banking sector the government is able to make good Implementation of its economic planning and can execute developmental activities for the welfare of the society. Promotion of Saving Habit There are persons who wear money but cannot put them in profitable use. The banks attract these persons by offering a variety of accounts. They provide them not barely the safety of the funds but also soaringer returns on them. The banks, in this way, promote the habit of saving among the people. Effective Implementation of Monetary PolicyWith the help of a good banking system in the country the government and the central Banks regulate the monetary supply and demand of the money. A good system helps in the implementation of the policies that are formulated by the government. l through these banks using different techniques of credit sway makes credit expansion and contraction. Narrowing Regional Disparity The banks help in bridging the country. The surplus fund of on Region is sent to the centers of deficit. The less developed areas acquire funds, put them i nto productive channel and increase production.The banks help in a equalizerd growth the economy. Executive Summary merged PROFILE Mian Mohammad Mansha prexy S. M. Muneer wrong Chairman Tariq Rafi Shahzad changeem Sarmad Amin Aftab Ahmad Khan Atif Yaseen Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Mian Raza Mansha Atif Bajwa President / CEO Board missions take computer storage Committee Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Chairman Tariq Rafi portionMian Raza Mansha ingredient Atif Yaseen Member HR Committee Mian Muhammad Mansha Chairman Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Atif Bajwa Member Risk Management Committee Mr. Tariq Rafi Chairman S. M.Muneer Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Aftab Ahmed Khan Member Committee on Physical Planning, IT System and fortuity Arrangements Sarmad Amin Chairman Atif Yaseen Member Aftab Ahmad Khan Member Atif Bajwa MemberBusiness Strategy & Development Committee Mian Mohammad Mansha Chairman S. M. Muneer Member Tariq Rafi Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Atif Ba jwa Member ascribe Committee Shahzad Saleem Chairman Sarmad Amin MemberTariq Rafi Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Chief Financial Officer Tahir Hassan Qureshi Company Secretary Abdus S. Sami Auditors KPMG Taseer Hadi & Co hire vizorants Riaz Ahmed & Co. Chartered Accountants court- gear uped Advisors Mandviwalla & Zafar Advocates & Legal Consultants History of Muslim Commercial Bank The Muslim Commercial Bank Limited was incorporated on 9th July 1947 in Calcutta in Bengal. After partition, the Registered Office of the bank was hifted to Dhaka where it commenced business from August 1948. The Bank transferred its tapeed/ point in time office from Dhaka to Karachi in 1956. In 1999, its registered / leave office was transferred to Islamabad and Karachi office was named as oral sex office. The government transferred a 26% steering stake to a separate of leading industrialists, collectively named National sort of which Mian Mohammad Mansha is the Major stake allow iner. In 1 992 a throw out 24% was sold to the National Group. The current shareholding structure is 50% National Group, 25% government and 25% floated on bourses.NATIONALIZATION OF MCB Muslim Commercial Bank Limited was nationalized by the government of Pakistan in January 1974 under the Banks Nationalization Act, 1974. Subsequent to nationalization the operations of subvention Bank Limited were merged with the Muslim Commercial Bank Limited in June 1974. PRIVATIZATION OF MCB The previous Government declared the privatization policy as one of its main objectives and in accordance with its policy, the Government offered Muslim Commercial Bank Limited for privatization. The Bank was the start Public sector bank, which was privatized on 2nd April 1991.The Government of Pakistan transferred divvy upment of the bank to Private Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, National Group by selling 26% shares of the Bank at Rs. 56 per share. Present Status Over the years Muslim Commercial bank fostered s trong bonds with its customers. MCB understands them their of necessity. They feel pleasant with MCB its their bank it responds to them listens to them partners with them grows with them. That is why it is one of the leading commercial banks of the country, providing a wide range of modem banking function.At collapse, the banking interlocking consists of over 1000 branches along with overbearing offices known as Area Head offices and Regional Head offices. These controlling offices are responsible for the smooth operation of the bank on National & international trains. The entire financial and operational objectives are achieved with the Human Resources effect over 12000 employees. The bank is known as the major credit provider, best place of working and paymaster in the financial (money market) of the country.Over the past few years, MCBs gelt have been pertain by the need to increase provision coverage and restructuring costs associated with the downsizing of the work force and branch network, whilst there is some need to boost provisions, these charges (necessary to bring the bank back into shape) are mostly over. It has also slowly real permission from the SBP to shut down a number of unprofitable branches. In 1999 EURO MONEY recognized MCB as the best domestic bank in Pakistan. The banking sector has been worst hit by the external account crisis that Engulfed the country undermentioned the nuclear tests. Due to the nature of banks as aMedium for debt transactions the countrys technical default and subsequent rating downgrade impacted them the most. Those core concerns are smooth not fully alleviated in the view of the investors. The closest that investors have come to arbitrary expectations regarding external account sustainability and a possible re- rating was back in the fourth quarter of the year 1999, and this led to MCB climbing to Pakistani rupees 56 per share. Resumption of the IMF funding and a possible rescheduling of bilateral d ebt will positively impact the banking sector and especially MCB. State Bank of Pakistan continued the process ofBanking Reforms, which included tone up of Prudential Regulations and focus on recovery of defaulted loans. In 1999 return on Government Savings lineation and treasury Bills was reduced, which led to a lowering of lending rates, resulting in erosion of margins for banks but it is likely to pop off a boost to economic activity. MCB rupee travellers bridles continued to maintain their leadership position in the attention and sales registered a 45% growth over last year. MCB successfully introduced the Rs. 100, 000 denomination cheque comprehensive and introduced RTC dialup tele-verification facility from Lahore city as well.Mainly there are three types of Banking in MCB. These are CORPORATE AND INVESTMENT BANKING Corporate Banking Group of MCB is focusing on top tier local corporate bases and multinationals in a structured and focused manner building kinships lea ding to increased market share. Branches having Advances of Rs. 100, 000,000 per party family relationship and monitoring such advances are called as Corporate Branches. These branches include corporate clients and their requirements are looked subsequently. There are about 20 corporate branches of MCB in Pakistan. OUR VISION & MISSION Vision StatementTo be the leading financial service provider, partnering with our customers for a more prosperous and secure future. Mission Statement We are a team of committed professionals, providing innovative and efficient financial solutions to create and nurture long-term relationships with our customers. In doing so, we control that our shareholders can invest in us with self-reliance. COMMERCIAL BANKING The Commercial Banking Group of MCB continues to service the trading coalescence and middle market, with sustained focus on developing new customer relationships and increasing the asset portfolio.CONSUMER BANKING The Consumer Banking Gr oup focuses on the lower end of the market and micro credit. Individual customer needs are being serviced through the introduction of diverse lifestyle consumer loans and introduction of new products and partnerships with service providers. Customers will continue to use the extensive branch network, which in turn will generate deposits to feed the asset development and liquid state requirements of the Bank through its diversified and stable deposit group. standard atmosphere TECHNOLOGYAt MCB, technology has a direct relationship with the needs of the customers, it is a mean of creating note value and whatchamacallum for the customer. Over the last few years MCB has invested heavily into strengthening its technology backbone. Today it is leading the way in banking technology and background signal new standards for the banking industry, penetrating into the local market, listening to the needs of the people. MCBs strength lies in providing technological base at a grass root lev els of the society with a challenge to educate and assimilate such systems across vast cultural and economic backgrounds.With over 768 automated branches, 243 online branches, over 151 MCBs auras in 27 cities nationwide and a network of over 16 banks on the MNet air surpass, MCB continuously innovates new products and services that harness technology for the customers benefits. Additionally in methodicalness to enhance the utility of the asynchronous transfer mode services they successfully linked their asynchronous transfer mode network to the subdueCard, Cirrus and Maestro, effectively becoming part of the largest cash dispenser network in the world. MasterCard and Cirrus/Maestro users can now access their ATMs network.Together with the above MCB make a strategic decision to establish an ATM switch and open their ATM network to other banks. The ATM switch has been named MNET. It has following banks in MNET switch Standard Chartered Citi Bank MCB ATM serve MCB ATM Card Welc ome to a world of whatchamacallum with the MCB ATM 24- Hour Smart Card. It Works. Anytime in Pakistan and abroad. With an ever growing number of ATMs operating across the nation, the MCB ATM Network is the largest and most advanced of its kind in the country, and is part of MCBs continuing efforts to provide you with convenience that suits your requirements most.And now the MCB ATM has gone global. MCBs affiliation with Master Card International brings about added facilities for the MCB traveler abroad with the Cirrus and Maestro networks. So go up Use your MCB ATM 24- Hour Cash Card day or night, at home or abroad. MCB ATM Regular Card The MCB ATM Regular Card allows withdrawal of up to Rs. 10,000 per day and a maximum of 3 withdrawals per day per card. ramifyES & ATMs Mnet MNET enables all the member banks to share their electronic networks. Which means customers of member banks can use MNET as well as 1-Link ATMs Nationwide.MNET member banks ATM machines accept cards issued b y MCB Bank Ltd, Citibank, Standard Chartered, HSBC, Saudi Pak Bank Limited, Habib Metropolitan Bank, JS Bank, Deutsche Bank, SME Bank, Arif Habib Rupali Bank and First Women Bank. MNET customers can use over 600,000 ATMs global that carry the logo and shop at over 5 million outlets that carry the logo. M-Net switch has soon 612 ATMs in 50 cities. We plan to have the network grow in faster pace in future as MCB itself will be adding more ATMs by the end of the year.The ATM deployment has been planned in such a manner that a customer will be solitary(prenominal) a few minutes away from an ATM in major cities. This coupled with geographic coverage provides the largest convenient spread in the country, because of which we are very strongly concentrating on Diverse Coverage & Convenience. M-Net sack ATMs are present in all the major cities of the country. They are available in the hilliest and northern areas of the country such as Murree, Abbottabad and Swat etc thus providing conve nience of accessing 24 hours cash to the customers across the country.M-Net switch also has its servicing Centers in the main cities of the country providing support to member banks customers. M-Net Switch ATMs are also present in all 3 main Airports of Pakistan i. e. , Jinnah terminal (Karachi), Allama Iqbal International Airport (Lahore) & Islamabad International Airport. MEMBER BANKS & their ATM Locations In Pakistan, the ATM facilities can be availed at any of the following locations MCB Bank Ltd. Standard Chartered CITIBANK Saudi Pak Bank limitedHSBC Habib Metropolitin Bank Arif Habib Rupali Bank Deutsche Bank First Women Bank SME Bank CORPORATE go out BUILDING In view of Goals constituted through mission and vision statement, the first mistreat taken was to change the corporate image of the Bank, which inclined following aspects In 1991 Bank changed its logo from to current logo which is Which signifies the growth and prosperity? The change of logo was part of effort t o change image of the Bank as a progressive bank in the minds of people of country.A comprehensive electronic media campaign was launched with a logo Good Banking getting even better stressing on the improvement. An on going process of tone Lifting and renovation of MCB branches was started which is still going on. The purpose of it was to ensure the overall outlook of the bank changes and employees get a better surround to work and customers of the bank feel more comfortable. NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES SINCE PRIVITIZATION In parliamentary law to achieve long-term goals of expansion and penetration in the market. Bank introduced various new products for its customers, which cater to the needs of various segments of the society.In order to do so, a constant process of market research, military rating and development of New products was started which resulted in introduction of various new products which were earlier not introduced by any other Bank in the country. Introduction of th ese products was indeed a major source of penetration for the bank and turned out to be a differential factor as compared to other banks Prime Currency Accounts For foreign currency deposits, (since 1991) Mahana Khushali Scheme A monthly income plan through deposit of a fixed sum in the account, (since 1991) Hajj Mubarik Scheme For intending Pilgrims, (since 1991)Capital Growth Certificates It doubles the deposit of depositor in 5 years. It offers high rate of return and was introduced for fetching long-term deposit, (since 1991) PLS 365 Savings Accounts. Introduced high earning product with feature of calculation of profit on daily product basis. No restriction on deposit withdrawals and Minimum deposit of Rs. 300,000/- (since 1992) investment company Management Scheme To generate funds to develop secondary market for Government Securities (from 1991 to 1992) MCB Khushali Bachat Accounts Savings accounts with added value to customers due to profit occupation of daily prod uct basis.MCB Dollar Khushali Accounts For foreign currency deposits, (launched in 1993) FAXPRESS A fast inter-city Remittance Service, (since 1991) MCB rupee Travelers Cheques The most popular product of MCB, introduced Rupee Traveler cheque for the very first time in the country and it immediately fetched high share of the market and MCB share is still growing (launched in 1993) Consultancy Services For intending buyers of State-owned enterprises being privatized, (since 1991) Self-Financing Scheme Mark-up free finance from 5000 to 25000. (since 1991) Night Banking Services (since 1991) gain Bills Collection Centers Separate utility Bills collection centers were established for collection of utility bills (since 1994) MCB MasterCard (since 1994) EXPORTMOR Financing facility for exporter (since 1994) REMITEXPRESS A fast remittance service between Pakistan and Middle East. (Since 1994) Personal Banking Services- In order to promote Consumer Banking system in the country a p roper personal Banking service was started for High Net worth clients of Bank in selected branches (since 1995) MCB Custodian Services Launched for local and international capital market clients.Online- The largest network of branches in the country and growing. Providing customers with 247 real time online facilities. MCB Call Center- Call now for answers to your queries-banking services, ATM services, mobile banking services, RTC services, telebanking services and MCB product information. The state of the art MCB call center is the right choice to keep you in step with your ever hectic schedule by providing you services relating to your account and Smart card at any point in time.Our well-abreast and friendly call center team is available 24 x 7, 365 age a year to ensure that your daily financial obligations are taken care of guaranteeing you a good nights sleep. Cash Plus-Cash management services for corporate customers help customers substantially reduce their receivable colle ction time frame, improve cash flow and business management. Islamic banking services through scoop shovel units/ branches offering a range of financial obligation and asset based sharia compliant products like musharika, murabaha, ijara and istasana. MCB spry banking-Banking at your figure tips. Dial in anytime to get information regarding equilibrize and mini statements. At the forefront of technological excellence, MCB proudly introduces MCB MOBILE BANKING. The convenience of accessing your account balance information and mini statements whenever you want or wherever you whitethorn need them, with comfort and peace of mind. MCB unsettled Banking service is available to all MCB ATM cardholders, 24 hours 365 days. Just call our Help Line on 111-000-MCB(622) or any MCB online branch for assistance. Mobile Banking at a GlanceMCB Mobile Banking gives you easy and quick access to your account(s) at a time you find convenient, including all holidays. Banking at your Fingertips Wit h MCB Mobile Banking you can Check your balance View the last 4 transactions of your MCB account(s). A Free Service MCB Mobile Banking is a free service for MCB account holders who have an ATM card. All you pay for is the cost of an SMS message if charged by the service provider. MCB lockers- The best security system for your valuables. Lockers of different capacities are available nationwide.Pyara ghar- Flexible and competitive home financing facility with options of home purchase, locution and renovation. MCB car cash- Car financing and leasing at competitive rates with flexible options. Largest ATM Network- of 100 ATMs committed to worldwide ATM network of about 350,000 ATMs along with Cirrus and Maestro facility enabling MCB ATM card to be used All over the world & anywhere in the country. CUSTOMER gaiety For any organization to succeed, it is extremely vital to ensure Customer Satisfaction.Banks being in service sector, it is exceedingly important that high service standard s be maintained and real value to their money is provided to its customers. In order to do so MCB took three revolutionary steps Provision of comparatively batter service to its customers as compared to other banks through value added features of low cost, quick disposal of work and friendly environment. Modernization, Computerization of most of the branches enabled Bank stay abreast with the technology and provision of better service at the root level to its customers.Bank also started an ongoing process of Branch face lifting creating a better congenial environment for its customers. In order to be more customers conscious, MCB started a very effective and timely action system on Customer Complaints Departments in MCB Brief functions and responsibilities of departments at MCB are as follows. Human Resources and legal group ? Recruitment. ? Training. ? Transfer & posting. ? Promotions. ? Disputes. ? Staff loans. Banks operations group ? Policy. ? Premises. ? Capital & operating exp enses processing. ? Return & consolidation. ? Reconciliation. ? Product sales. Relationship co-ordination. ? Service standards. ? Customer complaints. Financial Institution & overseas group ? Inter-bank exposure. ? Forex licensing. Financial control & Audit group ? Audit & internal control. ? Budgeting & planning. ? Monitoring of expenses. ? Financial reports. Credit & risk management group ? Credit proposal evaluation & analysis. ? Project financing. ? Monitoring of credit portfolio of bank. . Corporate banking group ? Placement of all multi-national & public sector companies. Consumer banking group ? Penetration in high net-worth customers. ? Earning increase. Customer retention. Commercial banking group ? Conduction of normal retail operations. Treasury & FX group ? origins management. ? Investment management. Assets management group/ Fraud control group ? Classified portfolio looks after(prenominal). ? fussy assets management. ? Restructuring / Rescheduling. ? Out of court se ttlements Information technology group ? ATM / CIRRUS facilities. ? I. T. related franchise management. ? swift system. ? On-line branches network look after. ? Hardware / software support. MCBs Management Hierarchy Business of MCB MCB is in its over 50 years of operation.It has network of over 1,100 branches all over the country with business establishments in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bahrain. The branch break-up province wise is Punjab (57%), Sindh (21%), NWFP (19%) and Baluchistan (3%) various(prenominal)ly. MCB has an edge over other local banks, as it was the first privatized bank. The State Bank of Pakistan has restricted the number of The Consumer Banking of MCB provides customers with innovative saving schemes, products and services. The ATM network of MCB is the largest in Pakistan and the Pak Rupee Travelers Cheques are market leaders.MCB was the first to introduce the Photo Card with the launch of the MCB MasterCard. The Corporate Banking of MCB ensures assistance from a dedicated team of professional financial advisors for underwriting, project finance or corporate advisory services. When it comes to banking practices, the consumer can depend on MCB, because itd been nigh for over fifty years. The State Bank of Pakistan has restricted the number of branches that can be opened by foreign banks, an advantage that MCB capitalizes because of its extensive branch network.Eight years after privatization, MCB is now in a consolidation stage designed to lock in the gains made in recent years and prepare the groundwork for future growth. The bank has restructured its asset portfolio and rationalized the cost structure in order to remain a low cost producer. MCB now focuses on three core businesses that is to say Corporate, Commercial and Consumer Banking. Corporate clientele includes public sector companies as well as large local and multi national concerns. MCB is also catering to the growing middle class by providing new asset and liability products. The Bank provides 24 hour banking convenience with the largest ATM network in Pakistan covering 9 cities with around 100 ATM locations. The Banks Rupee Traveler Cheques have been market leaders for the past six years. MCB looks with confidence at year 2002 and beyond, making strides towards fulfillment of its mission, to become the preferred provider of quality financial services in the country with profitability and righteousness and to be the best place to work. Corporate Banking MCBs Corporate Banking Team consists of dedicated professionals with the requisite expertness to take care of the banking needs.The Corporate Bank with 20 branches has its posture in all major cities of Pakistan. The Area Offices are located in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. Corporate Platforms have been established in the three principal cities where teams of dedicated Relationship tutors have been posted. These Relationship Managers have been entrusted with the complete responsibility for managing th e risk of their allocated portfolios, acting as allusion between the customer and the bank, and providing you with the entire range of products/services offered by the bank.The products/services of the Corporate Bank are broadly divided into the following categories Working Capital Loans The working capital loan includes Running Finance, Cash Finance, Export Refinance, Pre-shipment and Post-shipment etc. Term Loans Offer Short to Medium Term Finance to meet capital expenditure of the customer business needs. condescension Finance Services Trade finances services that include an entire range of import and export activities including issuing Letters of Credit (L/Cs), purchasing export documents, providing guarantees and other support services.Cash Management The network of about 1100 branches in Pakistan enables the bankers to collect and disburse payments efficiently with the MCB cash management services. This also enables. the bankers to offer the customers choice of authorship ba sed or electronic fund transfer solutions including collection kernels, rose branch on- line transactions etc. Investment Banking The Investment Banking Team of MCB has emerged as a leading player in Pakistans investment banking arena. The Team handles advisory, corporate finance and capital markets related transactions.Within these areas, the investment banking team of the MCB has developed expertise in the following areas of the investment Private Placements Debt/Equity Underwriting Term Finance Certificates Loan Syndication Arrangement of Non- Fund Facilities Mergers and Acquisitions Financial Highlights The results for the year 2001 are deliberateive of sustaining all-around efforts over the few years, to maintain profitable growth along with prudent and proactive risk management and expansion of product range of customers. Pre-profit for the year 2001 was Rs. 2. 0 one million million as against Rs. 1. 32 billion in 2000-a healthy increase of 59%. Growth in profitability is p rimarily due to fund-based activities through efficient assets and liability management. Fee based income was lower disdain increase in volumes due to competitive pricing and discontinuation of charges on PLS accounts. Administrative expenses grew by 3% generally attributed to absorb effect of inflation and enhancement in Govt. levies. Pragmatic efforts are, however, under way to manage costs in relation to revenues to encourage improve the revenue/expense ratio.Higher level of provisions was in the line with the Banks policy to upfront recognize problem lending. In 2001, the Bank managed to recover Rs. 2. 19 billion as against Rs. 1. 97 billion in 2000. The balance sheet footings have increased to Rs. 187 billion from Rs. 175 billion primarily based on deposit growth. Deposits have registered a substantial increase of 14% and stand at Rs. 154. 5 billion in 2001 as against Rs. 136 billion in 2000. Despite of low PLS deposit rates, branch network has shown a commendable performance by increasing and managing the deposit mix.This has been possible by improvement in customer services and targeted sales of products like ATM cards. Net advances as at December 31, 2001 stood at Rs. 76. 6 billion, a reduction of Rs. 9. 8 billion. Demand for credit from manufacturing and export clients fell considerably, post September 11,2001, which led to a reduction in advances as on the balance sheet date from a higher level during the year. Leadership in Rupee Travelers Cheques Sales have grown by 26% in the year 2001 and continue to reflect meteoric growth.With the extension of the generic brand, increase in the range of denomination backed by a powerful verification system and over 900 branches involved in this business. Leadership in ATMs With around 100 ATMs and 170 online branches, MCB is again an undoubted Indus leader with connectivity extended to 16 cities of Pakistan. In the year 2002 further ATM will be deployed and connectivity increased to other cities. MCB ATMs not only serve 24-hour cash convenience but also improve on the counter services and turn around time at cash counters. The MCB ATM Master Card with Maestro and Cirrus networks has become a global ervice furthering the convenience to our customers. Traveling customers can access their account from a large number of internationally deployed ATMs and point of Sale (POS) units. The MCB ATM Switch MNET is now operational. IT GROUP of MCB has been able to create the largest network for secure electronic financial transactions in Pakistan. Local branches of six international banks are connecting to this network. This will enable participating banks to use each others ATMs resulting in an increased convenience to MCB customers and customers of other banks.The IT Group is currently expanding the network mental ability to provide the customers access to banking through multiple electronic channels. American transport Bank enters into an ATM sharing alliance with Muslim Commercial Bank Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and American Express Bank Ltd. signed a Memorandum Of Understanding creating a mutually beneficial alliance, which will enable customers of American Express Bank to use ATM facilities offered by Muslim Commercial Bank. Mr. Taufiq A. Hussain, Country Manager, American Express Bank Ltd. , Pakistan in a undecomposable ceremony in Karachi, signed the MOU.MCB has setup an ATM Switch called MNET and American Express Bank is the fourth foreign bank to sign the sharing MOU. Speaking at the ceremony AEB Country Manager said, Customer service quality is the cornerstone of AEBs philosophy and this initiative will significantly enhance our customer service capability for our consumer banking clients. He added After having considered various routes to acquire this capability AEB selected MCB as an basel partner keeping in view the large network capability and long standing relationship with MCB.MCB with a network of over 1000 branches in the largest private sector ban k of the country. The Bank is a market leader in 24 hour banking convenience with the largest nationwide ATM network covering 11 major cities in all provinces of the country. CITI bank and Muslim Commercial Bank sign ATM sharing cartel Muslim Commercial Bank and CITI Bank signed an ATM sharing agreement today. By the middle of this year, both Banks customers will be able to use the services of either Banks ATMs. Seen at the signingceremony are Mr.Haroon Basheer Sheikh, Head of Consumer Banking and Information Technology MCB and Mr. Nadeem Hussain, General Manager Global Manager Global Consumer Banking CITI Bank Pakistan with their respective team members. Standard Chartered Grindlays and Muslim Commercial Bank to launch co-branded credit card Rated as Pakistans best banks (domestic and foreign respectively) by Euro money magazine Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB) and Standard Chartered Grindlays signed a Memorandum of Understanding to launch the first-ever voice servicing co-branded credit card in Pakistan.Under the arrangement the partnering banks will have shared as well as distributed responsibilities to service the customers in line with their respective strengths. The Partnership will derive its strength by combining the large diversified customer base of MCB and the track record of Standard Chartered Grindlays in managing a successful credit card business in Pakistan. MCB, the largest Private Bank in Pakistan, has over four million accounts domiciled in 1100 branches across the country.Standard Chartered Grindlays, the largest foreign bank in Pakistan, has over ninety thousand satisfied card members and is a leading international player in the cards business. With this new initiative the customers product of the two leading banks in Pakistan. This agreement further strengthens the relationship between these two banks earlier this year Standard Chartered Grindlays signed an agreement to join MCBs switch/ATM network, the largest in the country.FAYSAL BANK L IMITED to sell Muslim Commercial Banks Rupee travelers cheques Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and Faysal Bank Limited signed an agreement for the Sale and purchase of MCB Rupee Travelers Cheques at all 11 Faysal Bank branches in Pakistan. Main categories of Account opening form Type of Account There is a category of Type of Account , the customer can check any option to open a authorized account. Following are certain kinds of accounts Current PLS-Saving MCB Saving-365 Khushali Bachat PLS Term Deposit New Foreign Currency Account (Current/Saving) CurrencyThere is a category of Currency in the form In this section there are four kinds of currencies are effrontery in which MCB opens account. They are Pakistani Rupee US dollar reputation of Account There is a category of nature of account i. e. Individual Partnership Sole proprietor Joint stock company Introduction Before opening an account a banker should ascertain weather or not the person desirous of opening the account is a desi rable customer. There is Reference section in the form in which the person who wants to open an account mustiness provide a reference of a person who has already an account with MCB.For current account only reference of current account holder is accepted whereas for saving account reference of any whether current or saving is allowed. Preliminary investigation is necessary because of the following reasons ? To avoid frauds ? Safe guard against unintended overdrafts ? To avoid negligence ? To replay inquiries against clients ? To respect with Prudential Regulations/Laws There is a specimen touch card with the bank on which the signature of account holder is to be taken while opening of his account. And then he is issued with a cheque criminal record.It is discuss that one must keep his cheque book under proper care but there are expressions that people sometimes lost their cheque books. In that case there is an application form in the name of manager is available and the custom er who wants to get a new cheque book fills that form and gives it to the manager then he is provided with a new cheque book. In other case a requisition slip is present in the cheque book and whenever the customer wants a new cheque book he simply fills that requisition slip and presents it to manager and gets a new cheque book.Know your Customer In view of recent heightened global efforts to nix the possible use of the banking sector for money laundering, terrorist financing, transfer of illegal/ill-gotten monies and as a conduit for white collar crime etc, the importance of Know your Customer has increased. The objective of knowing a customer is to have a fair idea about the individualism, financial resources and general information about the customer at the time when the relationship is established. A banker must have following information about the customer Customers Name see complete name as mentioned in original Identity Card/other business documents. Nature of Business/Pr ofession If the customer is of salaried class then banker will enter his employers name. If the customer is a businessman, trader, sole proprietor, then the banker will enter the business name. Also enter the customers title/position and spoken language of the employer/business. Addresses with P. O. Box are not acceptable. Similarly re label like Private Service, Business are not acceptable, rather specify what type of company/business the customer is associated with.In case of individual his attested Photocopy of national identity card or passport is required, in case of salaried person, attested photocopy of his sarvice card. In case of partnership attested photocopy of identity cards of all partners is required and attested photo copy of Partner ship Deed along with a copy of Registration award with registrar of firms. In case of Company, Memorandom and Article of association, certificate of incorporation, certificate of commencement of business and attested photocopy of identi ty cards of all the directors is required. AddressEnter the complete residential/business address. Within the brackets you may also provide prominent address identification marks for ease of physically locating the address. Contact Number Enter home, official, mobile, fax numbers and e-mail address (if available). Special Instructions Clear-cut operational instructions must be obtained from the customers. If the customer has not given any special instructions in specify column, the column must be cancelled by drawing a line, as this column must not be left blank under any circumstances. The bankers considered the following points while opening the accountsRemittances Department The next department I worked in is Remittances department. The incharge of this department, Mr. Khalid told me that there are four kinds of remittances they deal in ? Telegraphic Transfer ? Mail transfer ? Demand Draft ? Pay order Another task of this department was to issue the traveler cheque and to give t he ATM card numbers. Here is a little detail of all of these works Telegraphic Transfer It is a facility provided by the bank through which a customer can send or transfer any heart and soul immediately. The procedure for the customer is simple.And more importantly the person who wants to transfer the funds may not have the account in the bank even then he can avail this facility. The procedure is like this, a customer walks in and fills an application form named as APPLICATION FOR remitment in which he mentions the bank to which he wants to transfer the funds also the name of the payee, his account number, also he has to mention his own address etc. then there are charges for this special facility provided by the bank and the bank receives these from the person who is sending the funds. Further there are two kinds of telegraphic transfersOrdinary TT TT The ordinary TT reaches to its destination after two days of its dispatchment whereas simple TT reaches to its payee immediately because the payee branch is informed immediately through telephone and fax. For ordinary TT only two vouchers are prepared Commission Voucher Postage Voucher Whereas for TT three vouchers are prepared Commission Postage Telephone charges In the application form of TT there are two options available for the person who is sending the funds i. e whether the payees account is credited for the same totality or payee is simply to receive the payment in hand. Documents PreparedThe documents that are prepared for the TT are TT register Remittances Confirmation of cable sent And afterwards whole of these information are save in a big register named as Branch outward remittance register And after this procedure the respective branch is informed through telephone. Recommendations This whole procedure is quite lengthy and hectic. So the only recommendation that could be given is, it must be computerized Another task of the accounts department is to give the customers the ATM card number. The procedure is like this that when a customer applies for the ATM card, he is given a certain time to collect the card.On due date the customers gets his card from manager and for safety purpose the ATM number remains with the account department and the customer gets his number from there. Traveler cheque In account deptt there are two people working. Ones job is to issue the traveler cheque and the other is suppose to make the payment of TC. This work is separated for the purpose of safety and to prevent the frauds. When RTC is issued it is written in Traveler cheque register and when it is paid it is posted in MBIS. Traveler cheque register is used to maintain the stock of RTCs.When RTC is issued HO RTC deptt. Is credited and when RTC is purchased it is debited. One of the person has the complete register of staffs salary he maintains a staff salary register. The remittance facilities of the MCB are jibe to the need of the customer. Your beneficiary will receive the nub even if he /she does not have an MCB account. The Remit Express facilities the MCB can be avail in the following Bank/Companies Demand draft Demand Draft can be explained as the creature which is payable on demand as its name implies the same, the value of which has already been certain.This putz is issued by one branch and payable at other branch of same bank or other banks branch e. g. DD issued by MCB payable by ACBL. Procedure of issuance The customer wants to make the DD fills in the same form or application i. e of remittances in which he mentions the DD, the beneficiarys name, the place, the mode of payment i. e, whther he wants the payee to receive the cash, cheque or debit his account, signature and his name and address Check the application form. Commission is charged as per bank policy. Also excise duty & withholding tax are recovered as per applicable rates.entranceway is then made in DD issued register. In the DD issued register, separate folio is allotted for each drawee branc h and a serial control number is applied. The entries made is DD payable account is credited and cash is debited and when the payee receives the cash against DD, DD payable account is debited and cash is credited. Procedure of Cancellation of D. D. On receiving the application for cancellation in writing along with original DD the signature of the applicant is verified This signature should tally with the signature on DD application form.Then cancellation is marked in DD issued register and the drawee branch is Informed about cancellation. Issuance of Duplicate DD In case of Lost/ cylinder block Payment Application is received and signature is verified, then the drawee branch is informed about the loss of DD and further they are advised to tell the branch the status of DD i. e whether it has been paid or not. Then a restate of DD is issued with Duplicate in lieu of original DD No____ dated____ reported lost written on its face. The duplicate DD will have the same control number. PA Y ORDERSPay order is a kind of puppet issued and paid in the same branch. It is normally issued for payment in the same city. Procedure of Issuance of Pay order The customer fills the remittances application form and mark check on pay order. On receiving application he is issued with a pay order after receiving charges. All pay orders are crossed i. e Payees a/c only Procedure of Cancellation of Pay order On receiving application for cancellation of pay order along with the pay order, it is cancelled and cancellation charges are recovered. Duplicate Pay OrderIf the payment of pay order has not yet been made a duplicate copy of it can be made on receiving application from the customer. The duplicate charges are recovered from customer. modify Department clear clearing implies a system by which banks exchange cheques and other negotiable instruments drawn on each other within a specified area and thereby secure payment for their clients through the clearing domiciliate at specifie d time in an efficient way. Clearing House In past State bank was indulged in clearing function i. e for the settlement of mutual obligations of different commercial banks.As all banks have their accounts and keep a certain percentage of the cash deposits as a reserve with Central Bank, it become easy to set up their mutual obligations by off-setting their accounts. The claim of banks against each other is settled by simple transfers from and to their accounts. These methods of settling accounts though the central bank, apart from being convenient is economical as regards the use of cash since account are adjusted through accounts, there is usually no need for cash. At present this function of state bank is performed by NIFT.And now clearing house is a place where NIFTs interpreters of all scheduled banks sit together and interchange their claims against each other with the help of controlling staff of State Bank of Pakistan and where there is no branch of State Bank of Pakistan the designated branch of National Bank of Pakistan acts as controlling member instead of State Bank of Pakistan. Reasons of Cancellation of Membership When a bank is no longer a scheduled bank. When any bank fails to meet its liabilities. When It is prohibited to receive snappy deposits by State Bank of Pakistan or Central Government.Advantages of Clearing dAs clearing does not involve any cash etc and all the transaction takes place through book entries, the number of transactions can be unlimited. dNo cash is needed, as such the risks of robbery, embezzlements and pilferage are totally eliminated. dAs major payments are made through clearing, the banks came manage cash payments at the counters with a minimum amount of cash in vaults. dA lot of time, cost and labor are saved. Since it provides an extra service to the customers of banks without any service charges or costs, more and more people are inclined and attracted towards banking.Rules & Regulations of Clearing House Timing -Mo nday through Saturday 1st Clearing 10. 00 A. M. 2nd Clearing 2. 30 P. M. ? Cheques and other negotiable instruments are sent through NIFTs representative for exchange. ? All the cheques and negotiable instruments must be justly stamped and suitably discharged ? Each and every Cheque must be accompanied by an objection memo when returned unpaid duly initialed. ? Each bank is required to maintain sufficient funds in the principal account with SBP to meet the payment obligations. The State Bank of Pakistan debits the account of each member of the clearinghouse with the proportionate working expenses incurred on the operation of clearing house. These expenses are very nominal. Functioning of Clearing House All the scheduled banks which are the member of clearing house, must maintain accounts with SBP, by debit and credit to which the clearing settlements are made. If on a particular day, a bank delivers Cheque and other negotiable instruments worth more than the total amount of Cheque received by it that banks account with State Bank of Pakistan will be credited with the differential amount.If on the other hand the total amount of Cheque and other negotiable instruments drawn on a certain bank by other banks is more than the total amount receivable by it from other banks, then this banks account will be debited on that day. The Cheque delivered to the other banks through NIFTs representatives for clearing are called outward clearing whereas Cheque received from the representatives of other banks for payment are called inward clearing. How settlement is done in NIFT? Presume that MCB got the Cheque, which are drawn on UNION BANK, UBL and ACBL for amounts Rs. 50,000/-, Rs. 30,000/-, Rs. 5,000/- respectively, its total being Rs. 95,000/-. It means that this amount is to be credited to MCB A/c with S. B. P. On the other hand the Cheques drawn on MCB are from UNION BANK, UBL & ACBL of Rs. 15,000/- Rs. 75,000/- and Rs. 30,000/- respectively, its total being Rs. 1,20,00 0/-. It means that this amount is to be debited from MCB A/c. The release between Rs. 95. 000/- credit and Rs. 120. 000/- debit is Rs. 25,000/- debit, which means the house, is against MCB for Rs. 25,000/-. If we separately show it then, MCB has to receive Rs. 50,000/- from UNION BANK and to pay Rs. 15,000/- to UNION BANK so difference is Rs. 5,000/- credit. MCB has to receive Rs. 30,000/- from UBL and to pay Rs. 75,000/- to UBL so difference is Rs. 45,000/- debit. MCB has to receive from ACBL Rs. 15,000/- and to pay Rs. 30,000/- to MCB so difference is Rs. 15,000/- debit. GRAND TOTAL + 35,000, 45,000, -15,000 = -25,000 i. e. Rs. 25,000/- debit. Hence MCB A/c with State Bank of Pakistan will be debited with Rs. 25,000/- and the contra will be other banks accounts respectively. This is called as Debit and Credit Rule. The amounts and number of instruments received are entered in the House Book from the main schedules of the respective banks.The State Bank of Pakistan maintains two major books for clearing house purpose - HOUSE REGISTER. This book contains the information about the amounts and number of cheques received and delivered by each bank is noted down. Its columns are just like our clearing house- knave. HOUSE BALANCE BOOK This book contains the amount and number of cheques received and delivered by each bank as well as the amounts which are to be received and paid to respective banks through their accounts by State Bank of Pakistan is written down. This book has the following columns- Initials To Pay Amount No. f Cheques authoritative/Delivered Name of BankReceived Amount To Received AmountInitials Both sides of this book are balanced. Vouchers are prepared from the slips received from the respective banks and the amounts are compared with this balance book. Summary of Clearing House Working The working of clearing house may be summarized as under- ? The instruments are delivered to the respective banks. ? The instruments drawn on our Bank are rece ived from other banks. ? The amount and number of instruments received are entered in the House Book from the main schedules of respective banks. The amount of instruments delivered, received and the difference is written on a Figure slip provided in the clearinghouse and the slip is returned to the supervisor. ? The instruments are coherent branch-wise. ? Schedules are detached and kept safely. outer CLEARING AT THE BRANCH The following points are to be taken into consideration white an instrument is accepted at the counter to be presented in outwards Clearing ? The name of the branch appears on its face where it is drawn on. ? It should not be stale or post dated or without date. ? Amount in words and figures does not differ. Signature of the drawer appears on the face of instrument. ? Instrument is not mutilated. ? There should be no material alteration if so, it should be properly authenticated. ? If order instrument, suitably endorsed and the last endorsees account being cre dited. ? Endorsement is in accordance with the crossings if any. ? The amount of the instrument is same as mentioned on the paying-in-slip and counterfoil. ? The title of account on the paying-in-slip is that of payee or endorsee (with the exception of bearer cheque). If an instrument is in order then our banks special crossing stamp is affixed across the face of the instrument.Clearing stamp is affixed on the face of the instruments, paying-in-slip and counterfoil (The stamp is affixed in such a manner that half appears on paying-in-slip and half on counterfoil). The instrument is suitably discharged, where a bearer cheque does not require any discharge and also an instrument in favor of a bank need not be discharged. The instrument along with paying-in-slip is retained while the counterfoil is given to the customer duly signed. Then the following steps are to be taken- ? The particulars of the instruments and the pay-in-slips or credit vouchers are entered in the Outward Clearing Register. Serial number is given to each voucher. ? The register is balanced, the credit vouchers are separated from the instruments and are released to respective departments against quotation in the register. ? The instruments are arranged bank-wise. ? The schedules are prepared in triplicate, two copies of which are attached with the relevant instruments and the third is kept as office copy. ? The house scallywag is prepared from schedules in triplicate. ? The Officer Incharge with branch stamp signs the schedules and house pages. ? The grand total of the house page is taken and agreed with that of the outward clearing register. The instruments along with duplicate schedules and house-page are sent to the Main Office. ? in time the amount is kept in float till final status of various instruments is known from respective paying banks in second dealing. The entry of the instruments returned unpaid is made in Cheques Returned Register. If the instrument is not to be presented aga in in clearing then a covering memo is prepared. The covering memo along with returned instrument and objection memo is sent to the customer who deposited the same in his account. INWARD CLEARING OF THE BRANCH The particulars of the instruments are compared with the list. The instruments are detached and sorted out department-wise. ? The entry is made in the Inward Clearing Register (Serial Number, instrument number, Account number and amount of instrument is written). ? The instruments are sent to the respective departments against acknowledgement in the Inward Clearing Register. ? The instruments are scrutinized in each respect before honoring the same. OUTWARD CHEQUES counterpunchED UNPAID These are the cheques returned unpaid by us presented to us in Inward Clearing due to some objections. INWARD CHEQUES RETURNED UNPAID These are the cheques returned unpaid to us, which were lodged by us in Outward Clearing.RETURN OF CHEQUES AFTER CLEARING HOUSE Suppose all cheques received in the inward clearing are passed and later on it is found that a cheque should have been returned. In such cases, we contact the accumulation branch and request them not to make payment against the proceeds of the cheque which was not returned unpaid by us in due time. The cheque with objection memo along with a covering earn is sent to the collecting branch, making request to issue a payment order in our favor. To balance the cash-cum-day book we may debit Suspense A/c Sundry Debtors with the approval of the manager.When the payment order is received, it is lodged in clearing and the Suspense A/c -Sundry Debtor is adjusted accordingly. SPECIAL CLEARING In addition to the normal clearing function at Clearing House it is mutually agreed to hold an extra clearing at the Clearing House on a particular day and time, which is known, as Special Clearing. It is arranged due to rush of work arising out of say, m